SEC Filing - XPO Inc.

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

___________________________________________

Form 10-Q

___________________________________________

(Mark One)



☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2019



☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from____________to____________

Commission File Number: 001-32172

_______________________________________________________

XPO Logistics, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

_______________________________________________________



Delaware		03-0450326
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
Five American Lane
Greenwich,	CT	06831
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

(855) 976-6951

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

N/A

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:



Title of each class	Trading symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, par value $0.001 per share	XPO	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.



Large accelerated filer	☒	Accelerated filer	☐	Emerging growth company	☐

Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of October 21, 2019, there were 92,300,242 shares of the registrant’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share, outstanding.

XPO Logistics, Inc.

Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q

For the Quarterly Period Ended September 30, 2019

Table of Contents



	Page No.
Part I—Financial Information
Item 1. Financial Statements:
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	1
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income	2
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income	3
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	4
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity	5
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	7
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	25
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	37
Item 4. Controls and Procedures	37
Part II—Other Information
Item 1. Legal Proceedings	39
Item 1A. Risk Factors	39
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	39
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities	39
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures	39
Item 5. Other Information	39
Item 6. Exhibits	39
Signatures	41

Table of Contents

Part I—Financial Information

Item 1. Financial Statements.

XPO Logistics, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Unaudited)



	September 30,			December 31,
(In millions, except per share data)	2019			2018
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	425		$	502
Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $60 and $52, respectively	2,577			2,596
Other current assets	424			590
Total current assets	3,426			3,688
Property and equipment, net of $1,905 and $1,585 in accumulated depreciation, respectively	2,589			2,605
Operating lease assets	2,110			—
Goodwill	4,374			4,467
Identifiable intangible assets, net of $802 and $706 in accumulated amortization, respectively	1,114			1,253
Other long-term assets	303			257
Total long-term assets	10,490			8,582
Total assets	$	13,916		$	12,270
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	1,132		$	1,258
Accrued expenses	1,417			1,480
Short-term borrowings and current maturities of long-term debt	64			367
Short-term operating lease liabilities	454			—
Other current liabilities	140			208
Total current liabilities	3,207			3,313
Long-term debt	5,121			3,902
Deferred tax liability	483			444
Employee benefit obligations	141			153
Operating lease liabilities	1,671			—
Other long-term liabilities	328			488
Total long-term liabilities	7,744			4,987
Stockholders’ equity:
Convertible perpetual preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 10 shares authorized; 0.07 of Series A shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively	41			41
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 300 shares authorized; 92 and 116 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively	—			—
Additional paid-in capital	2,056			3,311
Retained earnings	680			377
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(205		)	(154		)
Total stockholders’ equity before noncontrolling interests	2,572			3,575
Noncontrolling interests	393			395
Total equity	2,965			3,970
Total liabilities and equity	$	13,916		$	12,270

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

XPO Logistics, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income

(Unaudited)



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In millions, except per share data)	2019			2018			2019			2018
Revenue	$	4,154		$	4,335		$	12,512		$	12,890
Operating expenses
Cost of transportation and services	2,068			2,249			6,272			6,748
Direct operating expense	1,401			1,431			4,224			4,213
Sales, general and administrative expense	456			446			1,397			1,351
Total operating expenses	3,925			4,126			11,893			12,312
Operating income	229			209			619			578
Other expense (income)	(11		)	(18		)	(41		)	(67		)
Foreign currency (gain) loss	(5		)	3			5			5
Debt extinguishment loss	—			17			5			27
Interest expense	75			51			218			165
Income before income tax provision	170			156			432			448
Income tax provision	34			41			99			95
Net income	136			115			333			353
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	(6		)	(6		)	(21		)	(22		)
Net income attributable to XPO	$	130		$	109		$	312		$	331

Earnings per share data:
Net income attributable to common shareholders	$	117		$	101		$	282		$	306

Basic earnings per share	$	1.27		$	0.81		$	2.91		$	2.50
Diluted earnings per share	$	1.14		$	0.74		$	2.63		$	2.26

Weighted-average common shares outstanding
Basic weighted-average common shares outstanding	92			125			97			122
Diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding	102			137			107			135

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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XPO Logistics, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

(Unaudited)



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In millions)	2019			2018			2019			2018
Net income	$	136		$	115		$	333		$	353

Other comprehensive loss, net of tax
Foreign currency translation loss, net of tax effect of $(11), $(1), $(17) and $1	$	(66	)	$	(12	)	$	(68	)	$	(81	)
Unrealized gain (loss) on financial assets/liabilities designated as hedging instruments, net of tax effect of $-, $-, $- and $(1)	—			—			1			(8		)
Defined benefit plans adjustments, net of tax effect of $- in all periods	(1		)	—			(1		)	(1		)
Other comprehensive loss	(67		)	(12		)	(68		)	(90		)
Comprehensive income	$	69		$	103		$	265		$	263
Less: Comprehensive (loss) income attributable to noncontrolling interests	(9		)	4			4			7
Comprehensive income attributable to XPO	$	78		$	99		$	261		$	256

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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XPO Logistics, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited)



	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In millions)	2019			2018
Operating activities
Net income	$	333		$	353
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash from operating activities
Depreciation and amortization	546			528
Stock compensation expense	48			64
Accretion of debt	16			11
Deferred tax expense	26			14
Debt extinguishment loss	5			27
Unrealized loss (gain) on foreign currency option and forward contracts	5			(13		)
Gains on sale of property and equipment	(73		)	(3		)
Other	17			7
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	(190		)	(262		)
Other assets	(12		)	(99		)
Accounts payable	(153		)	(4		)
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	(126		)	(87		)
Net cash provided by operating activities	442			536
Investing activities
Payment for purchases of property and equipment	(413		)	(413		)
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment	192			92
Cash collected on deferred purchase price receivable	186			—
Other	—			(13		)
Net cash used in investing activities	(35		)	(334		)
Financing activities
Proceeds from issuance of debt	1,751			896
Repurchase of debt	—			(1,225		)
Proceeds from borrowings on ABL facility	1,690			925
Repayment of borrowings on ABL facility	(1,690		)	(1,025		)
Repayment of debt and finance leases	(850		)	(85		)
Payment for debt issuance costs	(28		)	(6		)
Proceeds from forward sale settlement	—			349
Repurchase of common stock	(1,347		)	—
Change in bank overdrafts	2			18
Payment for tax withholdings for restricted shares	(11		)	(49		)
Dividends paid	(3		)	(4		)
Other	7			5
Net cash used in financing activities	(479		)	(201		)
Effect of exchange rates on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(7		)	(10		)
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(79		)	(9		)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period	514			449
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	$	435		$	440
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest	$	202		$	172
Cash paid for income taxes	$	89		$	46

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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XPO Logistics, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity

(Unaudited)



	Series A Preferred Stock			Common Stock
(Shares in thousands, dollars in millions)	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Additional Paid-In Capital			Retained Earnings			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss			Total XPO Stockholders' Equity			Non-controlling Interests			Total Equity
Balance as of June 30, 2019	72	$	41	91,992	$	—	$	2,054		$	563		$	(153	)	$	2,505		$	407		$	2,912
Net income	—	—		—	—		—			130			—			130			6			136
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—	—		—			—			(52		)	(52		)	(15		)	(67		)
Exercise and vesting of stock compensation awards	—	—		242	—		—			—			—			—			—			—
Tax withholdings related to vesting of stock compensation awards	—	—		—	—		(7		)	—			—			(7		)	—			(7		)
Retirement of common stock	—	—		—	—		—			—			—			—			—			—
Dividend declared	—	—		—	—		—			(1		)	—			(1		)	(3		)	(4		)
Stock compensation expense	—	—		—	—		8			—			—			8			—			8
Adoption of new accounting standard and other	—	—		—	—		1			(12		)	—			(11		)	(2		)	(13		)
Balance as of September 30, 2019	72	$	41	92,234	$	—	$	2,056		$	680		$	(205	)	$	2,572		$	393		$	2,965



	Series A Preferred Stock			Common Stock
(Shares in thousands, dollars in millions)	Shares	Amount		Shares		Amount		Additional Paid-In Capital			Retained Earnings			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss			Total XPO Stockholders' Equity			Non-controlling Interests			Total Equity
Balance as of December 31, 2018	72	$	41	115,683		$	—	$	3,311		$	377		$	(154	)	$	3,575		$	395		$	3,970
Net income	—	—		—		—		—			312			—			312			21			333
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—		—		—			—			(51		)	(51		)	(17		)	(68		)
Exercise and vesting of stock compensation awards	—	—		423		—		—			—			—			—			—			—
Tax withholdings related to vesting of stock compensation awards	—	—		—		—		(11		)	—			—			(11		)	—			(11		)
Retirement of common stock	—	—		(23,932	)	—		(1,275		)	—			—			(1,275		)	—			(1,275		)
Dividend declared	—	—		—		—		—			(2		)	—			(2		)	(4		)	(6		)
Stock compensation expense	—	—		—		—		27			—			—			27			—			27
Adoption of new accounting standard and other	—	—		60		—		4			(7		)	—			(3		)	(2		)	(5		)
Balance as of September 30, 2019	72	$	41	92,234		$	—	$	2,056		$	680		$	(205	)	$	2,572		$	393		$	2,965

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XPO Logistics, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity (continued)

(Unaudited)



	Series A Preferred Stock			Common Stock
(Shares in thousands, dollars in millions)	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Additional Paid-In Capital			Retained Earnings			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss			Total XPO Stockholders' Equity			Non-controlling Interests			Total Equity
Balance as of June 30, 2018	72	$	41	120,849	$	—	$	3,562		$	178		$	(49	)	$	3,732		$	408		$	4,140
Net income	—	—		—	—		—			109			—			109			6			115
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—	—		—			—			(10		)	(10		)	(2		)	(12		)
Exercise and vesting of stock compensation awards	—	—		52	—		—			—			—			—			—			—
Tax withholdings related to vesting of stock compensation awards	—	—		—	—		(4		)	—			—			(4		)	—			(4		)
Issuance of common stock from forward sale settlement	—	—		6,000	—		349			—			—			349			—			349
Dividend declared	—	—		—	—		—			(1		)	—			(1		)	(4		)	(5		)
Stock compensation expense	—	—		—	—		7			—			—			7			—			7
Balance as of September 30, 2018	72	$	41	126,901	$	—	$	3,914		$	286		$	(59	)	$	4,182		$	408		$	4,590



	Series A Preferred Stock			Common Stock
(Shares in thousands, dollars in millions)	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Additional Paid-In Capital			(Accumulated Deficit)/Retained Earnings			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Total XPO Stockholders' Equity			Non-controlling Interests			Total Equity
Balance as of December 31, 2017	72	$	41	119,920	$	—	$	3,590		$	(43	)	$	16		$	3,604		$	406		$	4,010
Net income	—	—		—	—		—			331			—			331			22			353
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—	—		—			—			(75		)	(75		)	(15		)	(90		)
Exercise and vesting of stock compensation awards	—	—		924	—		1			—			—			1			—			1
Tax withholdings related to vesting of stock compensation awards	—	—		—	—		(49		)	—			—			(49		)	—			(49		)
Issuance of common stock from forward sale settlement	—	—		6,000	—		349			—			—			349			—			349
Dividend declared	—	—		—	—		—			(2		)	—			(2		)	(5		)	(7		)
Stock compensation expense	—	—		—	—		23			—			—			23			—			23
Other	—	—		57	—		—			—			—			—			—			—
Balance as of September 30, 2018	72	$	41	126,901	$	—	$	3,914		$	286		$	(59	)	$	4,182		$	408		$	4,590

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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XPO Logistics, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

1. Organization, Description of Business and Basis of Presentation

XPO Logistics, Inc., together with its subsidiaries (“XPO,” “XPO Logistics” or the “Company”), is a top ten global provider of cutting-edge supply chain solutions to the most successful companies in the world. XPO uses its integrated network of people, technology and physical assets to help customers manage their goods most efficiently throughout their supply chains.

The Company has two reportable segments: Transportation and Logistics. Within each segment, the Company has robust service offerings that are positioned to capitalize on fast-growing areas of customer demand. See Note 2—Segment Reporting for further information on the Company’s operations.

The Company has prepared the accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance with the accounting policies described in its annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 (the “2018 Form 10-K”), except as described herein, and the interim reporting requirements of Form 10-Q. Accordingly, certain information and note disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted. These unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the 2018 Form 10-K.

In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments that are necessary for a fair presentation of financial condition, operating results and cash flows for the interim periods presented, have been made. Interim results of operations are not necessarily indicative of full year results.

Restricted Cash

As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the total amount of restricted cash included in Other long-term assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets was $10 million and $12 million, respectively.

Trade Receivables Securitization and Factoring Programs

The Company uses trade receivables securitization and factoring programs to help manage our cash flows and offset the impact of extended payment terms for certain customers.

In July 2019, XPO Logistics Europe SA (“XPO Logistics Europe”), in which the Company holds an 86.25% controlling interest, entered into a new, three-year trade receivables securitization program co-arranged by Crédit Agricole, BNP Paribas and HSBC (the “Purchasers”) and terminated its prior program. Under the new program, a wholly-owned bankruptcy remote special purpose entity of XPO Logistics Europe sells trade receivables that originate with wholly-owned subsidiaries of XPO Logistics Europe in the United Kingdom and France; these trade receivables are sold to unaffiliated entities managed by the Purchasers.

The maximum amount of net cash proceeds available at any one time is €400 million. Of this amount, €93 million (approximately $101 million) was available to the Company as of September 30, 2019 based on the level of receivables which had been sold and were outstanding as of that date. The weighted average interest rate was 0.83% as of September 30, 2019. The new program does not include a deferred purchase price mechanism. Charges for commitment fees, which are based on a percentage of available amounts, and charges for administrative fees were not material to the Company’s results of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018.

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The following table provides information related to the Company’s trade receivables sold during the periods referenced below:



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In millions)	2019		2018		2019		2018
Securitization programs
Receivables sold in period	$	790	$	—	$	1,451	$	—
Cash consideration	787		—		1,316		—
Deferred purchase price	3		—		135		—

Factoring programs
Receivables sold in period	196		146		615		415
Cash consideration	195		145		612		414

In addition to the cash considerations referenced above, the Company received $49 million and $186 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, for the realization of cash on the deferred purchase price receivable related to the Company’s prior securitization program. The deferred purchase price receivable is not a trade receivable and it is recorded based on its fair value and reported within other current assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Cash collected on deferred purchase price receivable is included in Investing activities on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

Fair Value Measurements

Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures,” defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, and classifies the inputs used to measure fair value into the following hierarchy:


•	Level 1—Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets;


•	Level 2—Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs are observable in active markets; and


•	Level 3—Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable, generally utilizing pricing models or other valuation techniques that reflect management’s judgment and estimates.

The fair value estimates are based on certain market assumptions and information available to management. The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, deferred purchase price related to accounts receivables sold, accounts payable, accrued expenses and current maturities of long-term debt approximated their fair values as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 due to their short-term nature or because they were receivable or payable on demand. The Level 1 cash equivalents include money market funds valued using quoted prices in active markets. The Level 2 cash equivalents include short-term investments valued using published interest rates for instruments with similar terms and maturities. For information regarding the fair value hierarchy of the Company’s derivative instruments and financial liabilities, refer to Note 6—Derivative Instruments and Note 7—Debt, respectively.

The following table summarizes the fair value hierarchy of cash equivalents:



(In millions)	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2
September 30, 2019	$	224	$	224	$	207	$	17
December 31, 2018	237		237		236		1

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Adoption of New Accounting Standards

In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). The core principle of Topic 842 is that a lessee should recognize on its Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets the assets and liabilities that arise from leases, including operating leases. Under the new requirements, a lessee recognizes on the balance sheet the right-of-use asset, representing the right to use the underlying asset, and the lease liability, representing the present value of future lease payments.

The Company utilized a comprehensive approach to assess the impact of Topic 842 on its financial statements and related disclosures. In particular, the Company completed a comprehensive review of its lease portfolio and enhanced its internal controls, including those related to the identification, measurement and disclosure of its lease portfolio. In addition, the Company implemented a new software solution to facilitate compliance with the new guidance. For further information on the Company’s leases, refer to Note 5—Leases.

Accounting Pronouncements Issued but Not Yet Effective

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13 “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments,” as modified by subsequently issued ASUs. The ASU amends the current incurred losses impairment method with a method that reflects expected credit losses on certain types of financial instruments, including trade receivables. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within that reporting period; however, early adoption is permitted. While the Company is currently evaluating the impact of this standard, adoption is not expected to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): “Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract.” The ASU aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. Under the guidance, any capitalized implementation costs would be included in prepaid expenses, amortized over the term of the hosting arrangement on a straight-line basis and presented in the same line items in the Consolidated Statement of Income as the expense for fees of the associated hosting arrangements. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within that reporting period, however, early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.

2. Segment Reporting

The Company is organized into two reportable segments: Transportation and Logistics.

In the Transportation segment, the Company provides multiple services to facilitate movements of raw materials, parts and finished goods. The Company accomplishes this by using its proprietary technology, third-party independent carriers and Company-owned transportation assets and service centers. XPO’s transportation services include: freight brokerage, last mile, less-than-truckload (“LTL”), full truckload, global forwarding and managed transportation. Freight brokerage, last mile, global forwarding and managed transportation are non-asset or asset-light operations; LTL and full truckload are primarily asset-based operations.

The Logistics segment, which the Company also refers to as supply chain, provides differentiated contract logistics services. These services are facilitated by the Company’s proprietary technology and include value-added warehousing and distribution, inventory management, omnichannel and e-commerce fulfillment, cold chain solutions, reverse logistics, packaging and labeling, factory support, aftermarket support and order personalization services. In addition, the Logistics segment provides highly engineered, customized solutions and supply chain optimization services, such as advanced automation and predictive volume flow management.

Certain of the Company’s operating units provide services to other Company operating units outside of their reportable segment. Billings for such services are based on negotiated rates and are reflected as revenue of the billing segment. These rates are adjusted from time to time based on market conditions. Such intersegment revenues and expenses are eliminated in the Company’s consolidated results.

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Corporate costs and credits include corporate headquarters costs for executive officers and certain legal and financial functions, as well as certain other costs and credits not attributed to the Company’s core business. These costs and credits are not allocated to the business segments.

The Company’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) regularly reviews financial information at the reporting segment level in order to make decisions about resources to be allocated to the segments and to assess performance. Segment results that are reported to the CODM include items directly attributable to a segment, as well as those that can be allocated on a reasonable basis. Asset information by segment is not provided to the Company’s CODM, as the majority of the Company’s assets are managed at the corporate level.

The Company evaluates performance based on the various financial measures of its two reporting segments. The following table shows select financial data for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018:



(In millions)	Transportation		Logistics		Corporate			Eliminations/Other			Total
Three months ended September 30, 2019
Revenue	$	2,684	$	1,510	$	—		$	(40	)	$	4,154
Operating income (loss)	208		61		(40		)	—			229
Depreciation and amortization	110		73		3			—			186

Three months ended September 30, 2018
Revenue	$	2,850	$	1,517	$	—		$	(32	)	$	4,335
Operating income (loss)	196		59		(46		)	—			209
Depreciation and amortization	117		59		3			1			180

Nine months ended September 30, 2019
Revenue	$	8,090	$	4,530	$	—		$	(108	)	$	12,512
Operating income (loss)	579		168		(128		)	—			619
Depreciation and amortization	334		201		11			—			546

Nine months ended September 30, 2018
Revenue	$	8,512	$	4,473	$	—		$	(95	)	$	12,890
Operating income (loss)	540		174		(136		)	—			578
Depreciation and amortization	347		172		8			1			528

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3. Revenue Recognition

Disaggregation of Revenues

The Company disaggregates its revenue by geographic area and service offering. The following tables present the Company’s revenue disaggregated by geographic area based on sales office location:



	Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
(In millions)	Transportation		Logistics		Eliminations			Total
Revenue
United States	$	1,891	$	581	$	(12	)	$	2,460
North America (excluding United States)	76		17		—			93
France	326		164		(6		)	484
United Kingdom	192		335		(18		)	509
Europe (excluding France and United Kingdom)	195		389		(3		)	581
Other	4		24		(1		)	27
Total	$	2,684	$	1,510	$	(40	)	$	4,154



	Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
(In millions)	Transportation		Logistics		Eliminations			Total
Revenue
United States	$	2,042	$	554	$	(5	)	$	2,591
North America (excluding United States)	71		20		—			91
France	359		167		(5		)	521
United Kingdom	179		357		(17		)	519
Europe (excluding France and United Kingdom)	193		396		(4		)	585
Other	6		23		(1		)	28
Total	$	2,850	$	1,517	$	(32	)	$	4,335



	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
(In millions)	Transportation		Logistics		Eliminations			Total
Revenue
United States	$	5,651	$	1,708	$	(24	)	$	7,335
North America (excluding United States)	216		50		—			266
France	1,041		505		(17		)	1,529
United Kingdom	566		1,020		(54		)	1,532
Europe (excluding France and United Kingdom)	603		1,178		(11		)	1,770
Other	13		69		(2		)	80
Total	$	8,090	$	4,530	$	(108	)	$	12,512

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	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
(In millions)	Transportation		Logistics		Eliminations			Total
Revenue
United States	$	6,042	$	1,590	$	(15	)	$	7,617
North America (excluding United States)	200		49		—			249
France	1,134		523		(14		)	1,643
United Kingdom	529		1,053		(50		)	1,532
Europe (excluding France and United Kingdom)	592		1,185		(13		)	1,764
Other	15		73		(3		)	85
Total	$	8,512	$	4,473	$	(95	)	$	12,890

The following table presents the Company’s revenue disaggregated by service offering:



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In millions)	2019			2018			2019			2018
Transportation segment:
Freight brokerage and truckload	$	1,083		$	1,196		$	3,269		$	3,586
LTL	1,227			1,227			3,667			3,647
Last mile⁽¹⁾	219			271			655			778
Managed transportation	134			110			400			361
Global forwarding	74			84			229			251
Transportation eliminations	(53		)	(38		)	(130		)	(111		)
Total Transportation segment revenue	2,684			2,850			8,090			8,512
Total Logistics segment revenue	1,510			1,517			4,530			4,473
Intersegment eliminations	(40		)	(32		)	(108		)	(95		)
Total revenue	$	4,154		$	4,335		$	12,512		$	12,890


(1)	Comprised of the Company’s North American last mile operations.

Transaction Price Allocated to Remaining Performance Obligation

The Company’s remaining performance obligation represents the aggregate amount of transaction price yet to be recognized as of the end of the reporting period. As permitted in determining the remaining performance obligation, the Company omits obligations that either: (i) have original expected durations of one year or less, or (ii) contain variable consideration. On September 30, 2019, the fixed consideration component of the Company’s remaining performance obligation was approximately $1.5 billion, of which the Company expects to recognize approximately 80% over the next three years and the remainder thereafter. The majority of the remaining performance obligation relates to the Logistics reportable segment. Remaining performance obligations are based on estimates made at a point in time and actual amounts may differ from these estimates due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates, contract revisions or terminations.

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4. Restructuring Charges

The Company engages in restructuring actions as part of its ongoing efforts to best utilize its resources and infrastructure. In 2019, management approved restructuring plans that included severance and facility-related costs. A portion of the charge recorded under these plans related to the Company’s largest customer downsizing its business with the Company. The following tables set forth the restructuring-related activity:



			Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
(In millions)	Reserve Balance as of June 30, 2019		Charges Incurred		Payments			Reserve Balance as of September 30, 2019
Severance:
Transportation	$	5	$	7	$	(5	)	$	7
Logistics	3		3		(2		)	4
Corporate	1		1		(1		)	1
Total severance	9		11		(8		)	12
Facilities:
Transportation	3		—		(1		)	2
Total	$	12	$	11	$	(9	)	$	14

With respect to the $11 million charge taken in the third quarter of 2019, $1 million was recorded in Direct operating expense and $10 million was recorded in Sales, general and administrative expense (“SG&A”) in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.



			Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
(In millions)	Reserve Balance as of December 31, 2018		Charges Incurred		Payments			Reserve Balance as of September 30, 2019
Severance:
Transportation	$	9	$	18	$	(20	)	$	7
Logistics	5		5		(6		)	4
Corporate	2		2		(3		)	1
Total severance	16		25		(29		)	12
Facilities:
Transportation	—		3		(1		)	2
Total	$	16	$	28	$	(30	)	$	14

With respect to the $28 million charge taken in the first nine months of 2019, $3 million was recorded in Cost of transportation and services, $1 million in Direct operating expense and $24 million was recorded in SG&A in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. The Company expects that the majority of the cash payments related to this liability will be made within 12 months from September 30, 2019.

5. Leases

Adoption of Topic 842, “Leases”

On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted Topic 842 prospectively through a cumulative-effect adjustment with no restatement of prior period financial statements. Upon adoption, the Company elected the package of practical expedients to retain the lease identification, classification and initial direct costs for existing leases. Additionally, the Company elected to not recognize on the Consolidated Balance Sheets any lease with an initial term of 12 months or less and to not separate lease and non-lease components within a contract. Adoption of this new standard as of January 1, 2019 resulted in the recognition of $2.1 billion of Operating lease assets and liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The adoption of Topic 842 did not have a material impact on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

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Nature of Leases

Most of the Company’s leases are comprised of real estate leases. In addition, the Company leases trucks, trailers, containers and material handling equipment. Operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the estimated present value of the lease payments over the lease term. As most of the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, incremental borrowing rates were used based on the Company’s outstanding debt to determine the present value of future lease payments. The Company includes options to extend or terminate a lease in the lease term when the Company is reasonably certain to exercise such options. The Company excludes variable lease payments (such as payments based on an index or reimbursements of lessor costs) from its initial measurement of lease liability.

The components of lease expense and gain realized on sale-leaseback transactions were as follows:



(In millions)	Three Months Ended September 30, 2019		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
Operating lease cost	$	163	$	516
Short-term lease cost	36		113
Variable lease cost	32		68
Total operating lease cost	$	231	$	697
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of leased assets	$	13	$	38
Interest on lease liabilities	2		5
Total finance lease cost	$	15	$	43
Total lease cost	$	246	$	740
Gain recognized on sale-leaseback transactions ⁽¹⁾	$	28	$	64


(1)	For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company completed multiple sale-leaseback transactions for land and buildings, including the Company’s sale and partial leaseback of its shared-services center in Portland, Oregon, and received aggregate cash proceeds of $152 million.

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Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows:



(In millions)	September 30, 2019
Operating leases:
Operating lease assets	$	2,110
Short-term operating lease liabilities	454
Operating lease liabilities	1,671
Total operating lease liabilities	$	2,125
Finance leases:
Property and equipment, gross	$	410
Accumulated depreciation	(124		)
Property and equipment, net	$	286
Short-term borrowings and current maturities of long-term debt	55
Long-term debt	216
Total finance lease liabilities	$	271
Weighted-average remaining lease term
Operating leases	7 years
Finance leases	5 years
Weighted-average discount rate
Operating leases	5.11		%
Finance leases	2.58		%

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows:



(In millions)	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows for operating leases	$	526
Operating cash flows for finance leases	5
Financing cash flows for finance leases	46
Leased assets obtained in exchange for new lease obligations:
Operating leases	559
Finance leases	35

Property and equipment acquired through capital leases was $72 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

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Maturities of lease liabilities as of September 30, 2019 were as follows:



(In millions)	Finance Leases			Operating Leases
Remainder of 2019	$	17		$	102
2020	60			571
2021	58			458
2022	56			363
2023	48			281
Thereafter	50			752
Total lease payments	$	289		$	2,527
Less: interest	(18		)	(402		)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	271		$	2,125

As of September 30, 2019, the Company had additional operating leases that have not yet commenced with future undiscounted lease payments of $101 million. These operating leases will commence in the fourth quarter of 2019 through fiscal year 2030 with lease terms of 1 year to 10 years.

Disclosures Related to Topic 840

Future minimum lease payments with initial or remaining non-cancelable lease terms in excess of one year as of December 31, 2018 were as follows:



(In millions)	Capital Leases			Operating Leases
Year ending December 31:
2019	$	61		$	577
2020	60			460
2021	55			367
2022	52			288
2023	43			221
Thereafter	39			523
Total minimum lease payments	$	310		$	2,436
Amount representing interest	(21		)
Present value of minimum lease payments	$	289

6. Derivative Instruments

In the normal course of business, the Company is exposed to certain risks arising from business operations and economic factors, including fluctuations in interest rates and foreign currencies. To manage the volatility related to these exposures, the Company uses derivative instruments. The objective of these derivative instruments is to reduce fluctuations in the Company’s earnings and cash flows associated with changes in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates. These financial instruments are not used for trading or other speculative purposes. Historically, the Company has not incurred, and does not expect to incur in the future, any losses as a result of counterparty default.

The Company formally documents all relationships between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as the risk management objective and strategy for undertaking various hedge transactions. This process includes linking cash flow hedges to specific forecasted transactions or variability of cash flow to be paid. The Company also formally assesses, both at the hedge’s inception and on an ongoing basis, whether the designated derivative instruments that are used in hedging transactions are highly effective in offsetting changes in the cash flows of the hedged items. When a derivative instrument is determined not to be highly effective as a hedge or the underlying hedged transaction is no longer probable, hedge accounting is discontinued prospectively.

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The following table presents the account on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets in which the Company’s derivative instruments have been recognized and the related notional amounts and fair values:



	September 30, 2019
			Derivative Assets			Derivative Liabilities
(In millions)	Notional Amount		Balance Sheet Caption	Fair Value		Balance Sheet Caption	Fair Value
Derivatives designated as hedges:
Cross-currency swap agreements	$	1,242	Other long-term assets	$	16	Other long-term liabilities	$	—
Interest rate swap	2,003		Other current assets	—		Other current liabilities	(11		)
Derivatives not designated as hedges:
Foreign currency option contracts	249		Other current assets	4		Accrued expenses	(3		)
Total				$	20		$	(14	)



	December 31, 2018
			Derivative Assets			Derivative Liabilities
(In millions)	Notional Amount		Balance Sheet Caption	Fair Value		Balance Sheet Caption	Fair Value
Derivatives designated as hedges:
Cross-currency swap agreements	$	1,270	Other long-term assets	$	—	Other long-term liabilities	$	(81	)
Derivatives not designated as hedges:
Foreign currency option contracts	473		Other current assets	7		Other current liabilities	—
Total				$	7		$	(81	)

The derivatives are classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy. The derivatives are valued using inputs other than quoted prices, such as foreign exchange rates and yield curves.

The effect of derivative instruments designated as hedges in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income are as follows:



	Amount of Gain Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income on Derivative				Amount of Gain Reclassified from AOCI into Net Income				Amount of Gain Recognized in Income on Derivative (Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing)
	Three Months Ended September 30,
(In millions)	2019		2018		2019		2018		2019		2018
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges:
Cross-currency swap agreements	$	7	$	—	$	9	$	1	$	1	$	—
Interest rate swaps	1		1		—		—		—		—
Derivatives designated as net investment hedges:
Cross-currency swap agreements	55		5		—		—		5		3
Total	$	63	$	6	$	9	$	1	$	6	$	3

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	Amount of Gain Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income on Derivatives				Amount of Gain Reclassified from AOCI into Net Income				Amount of Gain Recognized in Income on Derivative (Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing)
	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In millions)	2019		2018		2019		2018		2019		2018
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges:
Cross-currency swap agreements	$	12	$	6	$	11	$	14	$	1	$	—
Derivatives designated as net investment hedges:
Cross-currency swap agreements	83		25		—		—		10		2
Total	$	95	$	31	$	11	$	14	$	11	$	2

The pre-tax (loss) gain recognized in earnings for foreign currency option and forward contracts not designated as hedging instruments was a gain of $5 million and a loss of $5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively; and a loss of $3 million and a gain $1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively. These amounts are recorded in Foreign currency (gain) loss in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.

Cross-Currency Swap Agreements

The Company enters into cross-currency swap agreements that manage the foreign currency exchange risk related to the Company’s international operations by effectively converting its fixed-rate U.S. Dollar (“USD”)-denominated debt, including the associated interest payments, to fixed-rate, euro (“EUR”)-denominated debt. The risk management objective of these transactions is to manage foreign currency risk relating to net investments in subsidiaries denominated in foreign currencies and reduce the variability in the functional currency equivalent cash flows of this debt.

During the term of the swap contracts, the Company will receive interest payments, either on a quarterly or semi-annually basis, from the counterparties based on USD fixed interest rates, and the Company will make interest payments, also on a quarterly or semi-annual basis, to the counterparties based on EUR fixed interest rates. At maturity, the Company will repay the original principal amount in EUR and receive the principal amount in USD.

The Company has designated the cross-currency swap agreements as qualifying hedging instruments and is accounting for these as net investment hedges. The Company applies the simplified method of assessing the effectiveness of its net investment hedging relationships. Under this method, for each reporting period, the change in the fair value of the cross-currency swaps is initially recognized in Accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”). The change in the fair value due to foreign exchange remains in AOCI and the initial component excluded from effectiveness testing will initially remain in AOCI and then will be reclassified from AOCI to Interest expense each period in a systematic manner. For net investment hedges that were de-designated prior to their maturity, the amounts in AOCI will remain in AOCI until the subsidiary is sold or substantially liquidated. Cash flows related to the periodic exchange of interest payments for these net investment hedges are included in Operating activities on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

In the third quarter of 2019, the Company terminated a cross-currency swap that had been accounted for as cash flow hedge and entered into a new cross-currency swap agreement. The new cross-currency swap is accounted for as a cash flow hedge and was entered into to manage the related foreign currency exposure from intercompany loans. For the cash flow hedge, the Company reclassifies a portion of AOCI to Foreign currency (gain) loss to offset the foreign exchange impact in earnings created by the intercompany loans. Cash flows related to this new cash flow hedge are included in Operating activities on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

Interest Rate Hedging

In March 2019, the Company executed short-term interest rate swaps to mitigate variability in forecasted interest payments on the Company’s borrowings under its Senior Secured Term Loan Credit Agreement, as amended (the “Term Loan Credit Agreement”). The interest rate swaps convert floating-rate interest payments into fixed rate interest payments. The company designated the interest rate swaps as qualifying hedging instruments and accounted for these derivatives as cash flow hedges. The interest rate swaps mature on various dates within 2019. In 2018, the

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Company utilized a short-term interest rate swap that matured in August 2018 to mitigate variability in forecasted interest payments on the Company’s borrowings under the Term Loan Credit Agreement.

Gains and losses resulting from fair value adjustments to the designated portion of interest rate swaps are recorded in AOCI and reclassified to Interest expense on the dates that interest payments accrue. Cash flows related to the interest rate swaps are included in Operating activities on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

Foreign Currency Option and Forward Contracts

In order to mitigate the risk of a reduction in the value of earnings from the Company’s operations that use the EUR or the British pound sterling as their functional currency, the Company uses foreign currency option contracts. Additionally, the Company uses foreign currency forward contracts to mitigate exposure from intercompany loans that are not designated as permanent and thus create volatility in earnings. These foreign currency contracts (both option and forward contracts) were not designated as qualifying hedging instruments as of September 30, 2019. The contracts are not speculative; rather, they are used to economically hedge the Company’s exposure to exchange rate fluctuations. The contracts expire in 12 months or less. Gains or losses on the contracts are recorded in Foreign currency (gain) loss in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.

In the third quarter of 2018, the Company changed its policy related to the cash flow presentation of foreign currency option contracts, as the Company believes cash receipts and payments related to economic hedges should be classified based on the nature and purpose for which these derivatives were acquired and, given that the Company did not elect to apply hedge accounting to these derivatives, the Company believes it is preferable to reflect these cash flows as Investing activities. Prior to this change, these cash flows were reflected within Operating activities. Net cash used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 included $17 million of cash usage related to these foreign currency option contracts.

7. Debt

The following table summarizes the Company’s debt:



	September 30, 2019				December 31, 2018
(In millions)	Principal Balance		Carrying Value		Principal Balance		Carrying Value
ABL facility	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Term loan facility	2,003		1,968		1,503		1,474
6.125% Senior notes due 2023	535		530		535		529
6.50% Senior notes due 2022	1,200		1,192		1,200		1,190
6.70% Senior debentures due 2034	300		207		300		205
6.75% Senior notes due 2024	1,000		986		—		—
Trade securitization program	—		—		283		281
Unsecured credit facility	—		—		250		246
Finance leases	271		271		289		289
Asset financing and other	31		31		55		55
Total debt	5,340		5,185		4,415		4,269
Short-term borrowings and current maturities of long-term debt	64		64		371		367
Long-term debt	$	5,276	$	5,121	$	4,044	$	3,902

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The following table summarizes the fair value of the Company’s debt:



(In millions)	Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2
September 30, 2019	$	5,481	$	3,174	$	2,307
December 31, 2018	4,305		2,020		2,285

The Level 1 debt was valued using quoted prices in active markets. The Level 2 debt was valued using bid evaluation pricing models or quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics. The fair value of the asset financing arrangements approximates carrying value as the debt: (i) is primarily issued at a floating rate; (ii) may be prepaid at any time at par without penalty; and (iii) the remaining life of the debt is short-term in nature.

ABL Facility

In April 2019, the Company entered into Amendment No. 3 (the “Amendment”) to the Second Amended and Restated Revolving Loan Credit Agreement (the “ABL Facility”), by and among the Company, certain subsidiaries signatory thereto, the lenders party thereto and Morgan Stanley Senior Funding, Inc., in its capacity as agent.

The Amendment amends the ABL Facility to, among other things: (i) extend the maturity date thereof to April 30, 2024 (subject, in certain circumstances, to a springing maturity if more than $200 million of the Company’s 6.50% senior notes due 2022 (“Senior Notes due 2022”), 6.125% senior notes due 2023 or certain refinancings thereof remain outstanding 91 days prior to their respective maturity); (ii) increase the aggregate principal amount of the commitments thereunder to $1.1 billion; (iii) reduce the interest rate margin and commitment fees thereunder; and (iv) make certain other changes to the covenants and other provisions therein.

Loans under the ABL Facility are secured on a first lien basis by the assets of the credit parties which constitute ABL Priority Collateral (as defined therein), and on a second lien basis by certain other assets.

Loans under the ABL Facility will bear interest at a rate equal to London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) or base rate plus an applicable margin of 1.25% to 1.50%, in the case of LIBOR loans, and 0.25% to 0.50%, in the case of base rate loans.

As of September 30, 2019, the Company had a borrowing base of $971 million and availability under the ABL Facility of $768 million after considering outstanding letters of credit on the ABL Facility of $203 million. As of September 30, 2019, the Company was in compliance with the ABL Facility’s financial covenants.

Term Loan Facility

2019 Amendments

In March 2019, the Company entered into Amendment No. 4 to Credit Agreement (the “Fourth Amendment”), which permits the Company to incur up to $500 million of incremental term loans under the existing credit agreement on or prior to June 5, 2019 without adjusting the interest rate margin applicable to existing loans outstanding, as long as the yield on the incremental term loan does not exceed the yield on the existing loans by 0.75%. Also in March 2019, the Company entered into an Incremental Amendment (Amendment No. 5 to Credit Agreement) (the “Fifth Amendment”), by and among the Company, its subsidiaries signatory thereto, as guarantors, the lenders party thereto and Morgan Stanley Senior Funding, Inc., in its capacity as administrative agent, amending the Term Loan Credit Agreement.

Pursuant to the Fifth Amendment, the Company borrowed an additional $500 million of incremental loans under a new tranche of term loans (the “Incremental Term Loan Facility”). The terms of the loans under the Incremental Term Loan Facility are substantially similar to the terms relating to the loans outstanding under the Term Loan Credit Agreement prior to giving effect to the Fifth Amendment, except with respect to issue price, the interest rate applicable to the Company’s borrowings under the Incremental Term Loan Facility, prepayment premiums in connection with certain voluntary prepayments thereof, and certain other provisions.

The interest rate margin applicable to the Incremental Term Loan Facility is 1.50%, in the case of base rate loans, and 2.50%, in the case of LIBOR loans. Proceeds from borrowings under the Incremental Term Loan Facility will be used: (i) for general corporate purposes, including to fund purchases of equity interests of the Company described in

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Note 8—Stockholders’ Equity; and (ii) to pay fees and expenses relating to, or in connection with, the transactions contemplated by the Fifth Amendment. The incremental loans under the Incremental Term Loan Facility were issued at a price of 99.50% of par.

The interest rates on the Term Loan Facility and the Incremental Term Loan Facility were 4.04% and 4.54%, respectively, as of September 30, 2019.

2018 Amendments

In February 2018, the Company amended the Term Loan Facility, which reduced the interest rate under the facility and extended the maturity date to February 23, 2025. The refinancing resulted in a debt extinguishment charge of $10 million in the first quarter of 2018.

Senior Notes due 2024

In February 2019, the Company completed its private placement of $1.0 billion aggregate principal amount of senior notes (“Senior Notes due 2024”). The Senior Notes due 2024 bear interest at a rate of 6.75% per annum, payable semiannually in cash in arrears, commencing August 15, 2019. The Senior Notes due 2024 will mature on August 15, 2024. The Senior Notes due 2024 are guaranteed by each of the Company’s direct and indirect wholly owned restricted subsidiaries (other than certain excluded subsidiaries) that guarantees or is or becomes a borrower under the Company’s ABL Facility or existing secured term loan facility (or certain replacements thereof) or that guarantees certain capital markets indebtedness of the Company or any guarantor of the Senior Notes due 2024. The Senior Notes due 2024 and the guarantees thereof are unsecured, unsubordinated indebtedness of the Company and the guarantors. Proceeds from the Senior Notes due 2024 were used to repay the Company’s outstanding obligation under the unsecured credit facility described below and to finance a portion of its share repurchases described in Note 8—Stockholders’ Equity.

Senior Notes due 2022

In July 2018, the Company redeemed $400 million of the then $1.6 billion outstanding Senior Notes due 2022 and recognized a loss on debt extinguishment of $17 million in the third quarter of 2018. The redemption was primarily funded using proceeds from the settlement of forward sale agreements, described below.

Trade Securitization Programs

In October 2017, XPO Logistics Europe entered into a trade receivables securitization program for a term of three years co-arranged by Crédit Agricole and HSBC. The receivables were originally funded by senior variable funding notes denominated in the same currency as the corresponding receivables. In July 2019, XPO Logistics Europe terminated the trade receivables securitization program and entered into a new trade receivables securitization program for a term of three years co-arranged by Crédit Agricole, BNP Paribas and HSBC. In connection with the termination of the original program, XPO Logistics Europe paid off all of the notes which had been included in the Company’s debt balances. Under the new program, all receivable transfers have been accounted for as sales. For further information, refer to Note 1—Organization, Description of Business and Basis of Presentation.

Unsecured Credit Facility

In December 2018, the Company entered into a $500 million unsecured credit agreement (“Unsecured Credit Facility”) with Citibank, N.A., with a maturity date of December 23, 2019. As of December 31, 2018, the Company had borrowed $250 million under the Unsecured Credit Facility and made a second borrowing of $250 million in January 2019. The proceeds of both borrowings were used to finance a portion of the Company’s share repurchases described in Note 8—Stockholders’ Equity. In connection with the issuance of the Senior Notes due 2024 described above, the Company repaid its outstanding obligations under the Unsecured Credit Facility and terminated the facility in February 2019.

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8. Stockholders’ Equity

Share Repurchases

On December 14, 2018, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $1 billion of the Company’s common stock (the “2018 Repurchase Program”). Through December 31, 2018, based on the settlement date, the Company purchased and retired 10 million shares of its common stock having an aggregate value of $536 million at an average price of $53.46 per share. In the first quarter of 2019, based on the settlement date, the Company purchased and retired 8 million shares of its common stock having an aggregate value of $464 million at an average price of $59.47 per share, which completed the 2018 Repurchase Program. The share purchases were funded by the Unsecured Credit Facility and available cash.

On February 13, 2019, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized additional repurchases of up to $1.5 billion of the Company’s common stock (the “2019 Repurchase Program”). The authorization permits the Company to purchase shares in both open market and private transactions, with the timing and number of shares dependent on a variety of factors, including price, general business conditions, market conditions, alternative investment opportunities and funding considerations. In the first nine months of 2019, based on the settlement dates, the Company purchased and retired 17 million shares of its common stock having an aggregate value of $883 million at an average price of $50.70 per share, under the 2019 Repurchase Program. The share purchases were funded by available cash and proceeds from new debt offerings. There were no share repurchases in the third quarter of 2019. As of September 30, 2019, $617 million remained available to be used for share purchases under the 2019 Repurchase Program. However, the Company is not obligated to repurchase any specific number of shares and may suspend or discontinue the program at any time.

Forward Settlement

In 2017, in connection with a registered underwritten offering, the Company entered into forward sale agreements pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell, and each forward counterparty agreed to purchase, three million shares of the Company’s common stock (or six million shares of the Company’s common stock in the aggregate). In July 2018, the Company physically settled the forwards in full by delivering six million shares of common stock to the forward counterparties for net cash proceeds to the Company of $349 million. As a part of its ordinary course treasury management activities, the Company applied these net cash proceeds to the repayment of the Senior Notes due 2022.

Dividends

The Series A Convertible Perpetual Preferred Stock pays quarterly cash dividends equal to the greater of: (i) the “as-converted” dividends on the underlying Company common stock for the relevant quarter; and (ii) 4% of the then-applicable liquidation preference per annum.

9. Earnings per Share

Basic and diluted earnings per share are computed using the two-class method, which is an earnings allocation method that determines earnings per share for common shares and participating securities. The participating securities consist of the Company’s Series A Convertible Perpetual Preferred Stock. The undistributed earnings are allocated between common shares and participating securities as if all earnings had been distributed during the period. In periods of loss, no allocation is made to the preferred shares.

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The computations of basic and diluted earnings per share are as follows:



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In millions, except per share data)	2019			2018			2019			2018
Basic earnings per common share
Net income attributable to XPO	$	130		$	109		$	312		$	331
Series A preferred stock dividends	(1		)	(1		)	(2		)	(2		)
Non-cash allocation of undistributed earnings	(12		)	(7		)	(28		)	(23		)
Net income attributable to common shares, basic	$	117		$	101		$	282		$	306

Basic weighted-average common shares	92			125			97			122
Basic earnings per share	$	1.27		$	0.81		$	2.91		$	2.50

Diluted earnings per common share
Net income attributable to common shares, diluted	$	117		$	101		$	282		$	306

Basic weighted-average common shares	92			125			97			122
Dilutive effect of non-participating stock-based awards and equity forward	10			12			10			13
Diluted weighted-average common shares	102			137			107			135

Diluted earnings per share	$	1.14		$	0.74		$	2.63		$	2.26

Potential common shares excluded	10			10			10			10

Certain shares were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because the effect was anti-dilutive.

10. Legal and Regulatory Matters

The Company is involved, and will continue to be involved, in numerous proceedings arising out of the conduct of its business. These proceedings may include, among other matters, claims for property damage or personal injury incurred in connection with the transportation of freight, claims regarding anti-competitive practices, and employment-related claims, including claims involving asserted breaches of employee restrictive covenants and tortious interference with contracts. These matters also include numerous purported class action, multi-plaintiff and individual lawsuits, and administrative proceedings that claim either that the Company’s owner-operators or contract carriers should be treated as employees, rather than independent contractors, or that certain of the Company’s drivers were not paid for all compensable time or were not provided with required meal or rest breaks. These lawsuits and proceedings may seek substantial monetary damages (including claims for unpaid wages, overtime, failure to provide meal and rest periods, unreimbursed business expenses and other items), injunctive relief, or both.

The Company establishes accruals for specific legal proceedings when it is considered probable that a loss has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Accruals for loss contingencies are reviewed quarterly and adjusted as additional information becomes available. If a loss is not both probable and reasonably estimable, or if an exposure to loss exists in excess of the amount accrued therefor, the Company assesses whether there is at least a reasonable possibility that a loss, or additional loss, may have been incurred. If there is a reasonable possibility that a loss, or additional loss, may have been incurred, the Company discloses the estimate of the possible loss or range of loss if it is material and an estimate can be made, or states that such an estimate cannot be made. The determination as to whether a loss can reasonably be considered to be possible or probable is based on the Company’s assessment, in conjunction with legal counsel, regarding the ultimate outcome of the matter.

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The Company believes that it has adequately accrued for the potential impact of loss contingencies that are probable and reasonably estimable. The Company does not believe that the ultimate resolution of any matters to which the Company is presently a party will have a material adverse effect on its results of operations, financial condition or cash flows. However, the results of these matters cannot be predicted with certainty, and an unfavorable resolution of one or more of these matters could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. Legal costs incurred related to these matters are expensed as incurred.

The Company carries liability and excess umbrella insurance policies that it deems sufficient to cover potential legal claims arising in the normal course of conducting its operations as a transportation and logistics company. The liability and excess umbrella insurance policies generally do not cover the misclassification claims described in this note. In the event the Company is required to satisfy a legal claim outside the scope of the coverage provided by insurance, the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows could be negatively impacted.

Intermodal Drayage Classification Claims

Certain of the Company’s intermodal drayage subsidiaries received notices from the California Labor Commissioner, Division of Labor Standards Enforcement (the “DLSE”), that a total of approximately 150 owner-operators contracted with these subsidiaries filed claims in 2012 with the DLSE in which they assert that they should be classified as employees, rather than independent contractors. These claims seek reimbursement for the owner-operators’ business expenses, including fuel, tractor maintenance and tractor lease payments. Decisions were rendered in June 2015 by a DLSE hearing officer with respect to claims of five plaintiffs, resulting in awards in an aggregate amount of approximately $1 million, following which the Company appealed the decisions in the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California (“Central District Court”). On May 16, 2017, the Central District Court issued judgment finding that the five claimants were employees rather than independent contractors and awarding an aggregate of approximately $1 million plus post-judgment interest and attorneys’ fees to the claimants. The Company appealed this judgment, but on February 20, 2019, the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit declined to consider the appeal on technical grounds. In addition, separate decisions were rendered in April 2017 by a DLSE hearing officer in claims involving four additional plaintiffs, resulting in an award for the plaintiffs in an aggregate amount of approximately $1 million. The Company appealed the DLSE award to the California Superior Court, Long Beach, and the court ultimately entered judgment in favor of the four plaintiffs for approximately $812 thousand on September 27, 2019. The remaining DLSE claims (the “Pending DLSE Claims”) were transferred to California Superior Court, Los Angeles in three separate actions involving approximately 170 claimants, including the claimants mentioned above who originally filed claims in 2012. The Company has reached an agreement to settle the majority of the Pending DLSE Claims, the settlement payment has been made, and the settled claims have been dismissed. In addition, certain of the Company’s intermodal drayage subsidiaries are party to putative class action litigations and other administrative claims in California brought by independent contract carriers who contracted with these subsidiaries. In these litigations, the contract carriers assert that they should be classified as employees, rather than independent contractors. The Company believes that it has adequately accrued for the potential impact of loss contingencies that are probable and reasonably estimable relating to the claims referenced above. The Company is unable at this time to estimate the amount of the possible loss or range of loss, if any, in excess of its accrued liability that it may incur as a result of these claims given, among other reasons, that the range of potential loss could be impacted substantially by future rulings by the courts involved, including on the merits of the claims.

Last Mile Logistics Classification Claims

Certain of the Company’s last mile logistics subsidiaries are party to several putative class action litigations brought by independent contract carriers who contracted with these subsidiaries. In these litigations, the contract carriers, and in some cases the contract carriers’ employees, assert that they should be classified as employees, rather than independent contractors. The particular claims asserted vary from case to case, but the claims generally allege unpaid wages, unpaid overtime, or failure to provide meal and rest periods, and seek reimbursement of the contract carriers’ business expenses. The cases include four related matters pending in the Federal District Court, Northern District of California: Ron Carter, Juan Estrada, Jerry Green, Burl Malmgren, Bill McDonald and Joel Morales v. XPO Logistics, Inc. (“Carter”), filed in March 2016; Ramon Garcia v. Macy’s and XPO Logistics Inc. (“Garcia”), filed in July 2016; Kevin Kramer v. XPO Logistics Inc. (“Kramer”), filed in September 2016; and Hector Ibanez v. XPO Last Mile, Inc. (“Ibanez”), filed in May 2017. The Company has reached agreements to settle the Carter,

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Garcia, Kramer and Ibanez matters and has accrued the full amount of the settlements. The Carter settlement has received final court approval, and the parties await final approval in the other matters. With respect to other pending claims, the Company believes that it has adequately accrued for the potential impact of loss contingencies that are probable and reasonably estimable. The Company is unable at this time to estimate the amount of the possible loss or range of loss, if any, in excess of its accrued liability that it may incur as a result of these claims given, among other reasons, that the number and identities of plaintiffs in these lawsuits are uncertain and the range of potential loss could be impacted substantially by future rulings by the courts involved, including on the merits of the claims.

Shareholder Litigation

On December 14, 2018, two putative class actions were filed in the U.S. District Court for the District of Connecticut and the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York against the Company and certain of its current and former executives, alleging violations of Section 10(b) of the Exchange Act and Rule 10b-5 thereunder, as well as Section 20(a) of the Exchange Act, based on alleged material misstatements and omissions in the Company’s public filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. On January 7, 2019, the plaintiff in one of the class actions, Leeman v. XPO Logistics, Inc. et al., No. 1:18-cv-11741 (S.D.N.Y.), voluntarily dismissed the action without prejudice. In the other putative class action, Labul v. XPO Logistics, Inc. et al., No. 3:18-cv-02062 (D. Conn.), which is pending in the U.S. District Court for the District of Connecticut, on April 2, 2019, the court appointed Local 817 IBT Pension Fund, Local 272 Labor-Management Pension Fund, and Local 282 Pension Trust Fund and Local 282 Welfare Trust Fund (together, the “Pension Funds”) as lead plaintiffs. On June 3, 2019, the Pension Funds, with additional plaintiff Norfolk County Retirement System, filed a consolidated class action complaint against the Company and certain of its current and former executives, alleging violations of Section 10(b) of the Exchange Act and Rule 10b-5 thereunder, Section 20(a) of the Exchange Act, and Sections 11 and 15 of the Securities Act, based on alleged material misstatements and omissions in the Company’s public filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Defendants moved to dismiss the consolidated class action complaint on August 2, 2019 and await a decision from the court.

In addition, on May 13, 2019, Adriana Jez filed a purported shareholder derivative action captioned Jez v. Jacobs, et al., No. 19-cv-889-RGA (D. Del.), in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware, alleging breaches of fiduciary duty, unjust enrichment, waste of corporate assets, and violations of the Exchange Act against certain current and former directors and officers of the Company, with the Company as a nominal defendant. On May 24, 2019, Erin Candler filed a purported shareholder derivative action with substantially similar claims and allegations against the same parties, captioned Candler v. Jacobs, et al., No. 19-cv-959-CFC (D. Del.), also in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware. On June 14, 2019, the two actions were consolidated for all purposes. On September 27, 2019, plaintiffs in the consolidated action filed a consolidated shareholder derivative complaint. On the same date, Kevin Rose filed a purported shareholder derivative action with substantially similar claims and allegations against the same parties, captioned Rose v. Jacobs, et al., No. 19-cv-1815-RGA (D. Del.), also in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware. Defendants have not yet responded to or moved against the complaints in these derivative actions.

The Company believes these suits are without merit and intends to defend itself vigorously against the allegations. The Company is unable at this time to determine the amount of the possible loss or range of loss, if any, that it may incur as a result of these matters.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and other written reports and oral statements we make from time to time contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). All statements other than statements of historical fact are, or may be deemed to be, forward-looking statements. In some cases, forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of forward-looking terms such as “anticipate,” “estimate,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “should,” “will,” “expect,” “objective,” “projection,” “forecast,” “goal,” “guidance,” “outlook,” “effort,” “target,” “trajectory” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terms. However, the absence of these words does not mean that the statements are not forward-looking. These forward-looking statements are based on certain assumptions and

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analyses made by the Company in light of its experience and its perception of historical trends, current conditions and expected future developments, as well as other factors it believes are appropriate in the circumstances. These forward-looking statements are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and assumptions that may cause actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause or contribute to a material difference include those discussed below and the risks discussed in the Company’s other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). All forward-looking statements set forth in this Quarterly Report are qualified by these cautionary statements and there can be no assurance that the actual results or developments anticipated by the Company will be realized or, even if substantially realized, that they will have the expected consequence to or effects on the Company or its business or operations. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes thereto included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report. Forward-looking statements set forth in this Quarterly Report speak only as of the date hereof, and we do not undertake any obligation to update forward-looking statements to reflect subsequent events or circumstances, changes in expectations or the occurrence of unanticipated events, except to the extent required by law.

Reference should be made to the audited Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto and related “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Executive Summary

XPO Logistics, Inc., a Delaware corporation, together with its subsidiaries (“XPO,” “XPO Logistics,” the “Company,” “we” or “our”), is a top ten global provider of cutting-edge supply chain solutions to the most successful companies in the world. We use our highly integrated network of people, technology and physical assets to help our customers manage their goods most efficiently throughout their supply chains. Our revenue derives from a mix of key verticals, such as retail and e-commerce, food and beverage, consumer packaged goods and industrial, and our customers are multinational, national, mid-size and small enterprises.

We run our business on a global basis with two reporting segments: Transportation and Logistics. In 2018, approximately 65% of our revenue came from Transportation; the other 35% came from Logistics. Within each segment, we have robust service offerings that are positioned to capitalize on fast-growing areas of customer demand. Substantially all of our services operate under the single brand of XPO Logistics.

Our markets are highly diversified. Based on where orders originated, approximately 59% of our 2018 revenue was generated in the United States, 13% in France and 12% in the United Kingdom. The more than 50,000 customers we serve are in every major industry and touch every part of the economy. As of September 30, 2019, we operated in 30 countries with 1,531 locations and approximately 100,000 employees.

Transportation Segment

We offer customers an unmatched transportation network of multiple modes, flexible capacity and route density to transport freight quickly and cost effectively from origin to destination. Our service range, together with our scale and technology, are significant advantages — both for XPO, as competitive differentiators, and for our customers, who depend on us to provide reliable capacity under all market conditions. Our blended model of owned, contracted and brokered truck capacity gives us extensive flexibility to provide solutions that best serve the interests of our customers and the Company.

Globally, XPO is the second largest freight brokerage provider, and a top five provider of managed transportation based on the value of freight under management. In addition, many of our transportation services hold market-leading positions in North America and Europe. In North America, we are the largest provider of last mile logistics for heavy goods; the largest manager of expedited shipments; a top three provider of less-than-truckload (“LTL”) transportation; and a top three provider of intermodal services, with a national drayage network. We are also a freight forwarder with a global network of ocean, air, ground and cross-border services.

In Europe, we provide comprehensive freight transportation services ranging from a single pallet to full truckload. Our dedicated truckload services utilize our fleet, which is the largest owned road fleet in Europe. Our non-dedicated truckload services utilize a mix of capacity that includes our own fleet, as well as brokered service

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provided by independent carriers. Our other transportation offerings in Europe are LTL, which we provide through one of the largest LTL networks in Western Europe, and last mile logistics. Our total lane density in Europe covers the regions that produce approximately 90% of the eurozone’s gross domestic product.

Companywide, our operations are asset-light; the revenue generated by activities directly associated with our owned assets accounted for less than a third of our revenue in 2018. The non-asset portion of our model is predominately variable-cost and includes our brokerage operations, as well as contracted capacity from independent providers. As of September 30, 2019, we had approximately 10,000 independent carriers and owner-operators under contract to provide drayage, expedite, last mile and LTL services to our customers, and a brokerage network of more than 50,000 independent truckload carriers representing over 1,000,000 trucks on the road.

Our Company employs professional drivers who transport goods for customers using our fleet of owned and leased equipment. Our road fleet encompasses approximately 16,000 tractors and 40,000 trailers; these are primarily related to our LTL operations in North America and our full truckload operations in Europe. Our fleet also provides supplemental capacity for our freight brokerage operations as needed.

Logistics Segment

In our Logistics segment, which we sometimes refer to as supply chain or contract logistics, XPO is the second largest contract logistics provider worldwide. Our robust service offerings are positioned to capitalize on fast-growing areas of customer demand, such as e-fulfillment, returns management and temperature-controlled warehousing. The average contract tenure is approximately five years and can lead to a wider use of our services, such as inbound and outbound logistics and freight transportation.

As of September 30, 2019, our global logistics capacity was 195 million square feet (11 million square meters) of shared and dedicated facility space, including 92 million square feet (5 million square meters) in North America. This expansive footprint is particularly attractive to large customers with multinational operations. Our logistics customers include many of the preeminent names in retail and e-commerce, food and beverage, technology, aerospace, wireless, industrial and manufacturing, chemical, agribusiness, life sciences and healthcare.

We provide a range of services within our Logistics segment, including value-added warehousing and distribution, inventory management, omnichannel and e-commerce fulfillment, cold chain solutions, reverse logistics, packaging and labeling, factory support, aftermarket support and order personalization. We also provide customers with highly engineered, customized solutions and supply chain optimization services, such as advanced automation and predictive volume flow management.

Importantly, we benefit from a strong position in the e-commerce sector, which is predicted to expand at double-digit rates through at least 2022. The rapid growth of online orders and the evolution of consumer expectations make it difficult for many companies to handle fulfillment in-house. We offer numerous advantages to e-commerce companies and bricks-and-mortar omnichannel retailers that seek to outsource. They value our ability to perform reliably during periods of peak demand. Our technology provides superior visibility, control, speed and flexibility, it optimizes labor costs with our proprietary modelling, and manages future demand with our predictive analytics. We also provide significant advantages of scale: XPO is the largest outsourced e-fulfillment provider in Europe, with a major platform for e-fulfillment in North America.

Operating Philosophy

One of our Company’s most compelling competitive advantages is our combination of technology, density and scale. This allows us to solve complex supply chain problems for customers by providing them with integrated, end-to-end solutions.

Many customers, particularly large companies, prefer to use large, multimodal service providers to manage multiple parts of the supply chain, as a way of operating most efficiently. We have a cohesive sales infrastructure and common database that support our salespeople in understanding the full range of a customer’s needs and cross-selling our services to meet those needs.

In addition, we believe that technology is critical to continuously improving customer service and leveraging our scale and service range. Our technology blueprint encompasses four areas that differentiate each service line within our transportation and logistics offerings:

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•	Automation and intelligent machines, including robots, cobots, automated guided vehicles and goods-to-person systems;


•	Dynamic data science, including artificial intelligence, machine learning, predictive analytics and visualization;


•	Digital freight marketplace, including multimodal solutions, automated transactions and customer self-service; and


•	Visibility and customer service, including the Internet of Things, mobility and real-time tracking across modes.

We have a global team of approximately 1,800 technology professionals who focus on innovating our business processes, protecting the integrity of our data, developing new technology and deploying it across our digital ecosystem. In 2018, we launched a proprietary, cloud-based warehouse management platform to manage complex automation and intelligent analytics with a high degree of control. In addition, the platform enhances our ability to develop customized solutions for customers and adapt them to fluid, multichannel environments.

Sustainability is another important Company commitment that receives continuous investment. We have numerous initiatives underway to reduce our carbon footprint: we own the largest natural gas truck fleet in Europe and utilize government-approved mega-trucks in Spain. We also pilot alternative fuel technologies, such as zero-emission electric vehicles for deliveries in urban areas through our last mile service

In 2018, we made substantial investments in fuel-efficient Freightliner Cascadia tractors in North America; these vehicles use EPA 2013-compliant and GHG14-compliant Selective Catalytic Reduction (“SCR”) technology. In Europe, our tractors are approximately 98% compliant with Euro V, EEV and Euro VI standards, making our fleet one of the most modern in the industry. We have been awarded the label “Objectif CO₂” for outstanding environmental performance of transport operations in Europe by the French Ministry of the Environment and the French Environment and Energy Agency.

A number of our logistics facilities are certified to rigorous ISO 14001 standards for environmental management. We monitor fuel emissions from forklifts, with protocols in place to take immediate corrective action if needed. Our packaging engineers ensure that the optimal carton size is used for each product slated for distribution. As a byproduct of reverse logistics, we recycle millions of electronic components and batteries each year. Waste mitigation measures, such as electronic documentation, are instilled in our daily operations, and we have energy efficiency evaluations performed prior to committing to potential warehouse sites.

In summary, we are committed to operating in a technologically progressive and environmentally sound manner, with the greatest efficiency possible.

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Consolidated Summary Financial Table



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Percent of Revenue				Change		Nine Months Ended September 30,						Percent of Revenue				Change
(Dollars in millions)	2019			2018			2019		2018		2019 vs. 2018		2019			2018			2019		2018		2019 vs. 2018
Revenue	$	4,154		$	4,335		100.0	%	100.0	%	(4.2	)%	$	12,512		$	12,890		100.0	%	100.0	%	(2.9	)%
Cost of transportation and services	2,068			2,249			49.8	%	51.9	%	(8.0	)%	6,272			6,748			50.1	%	52.3	%	(7.1	)%
Direct operating expense	1,401			1,431			33.7	%	33.0	%	(2.1	)%	4,224			4,213			33.8	%	32.7	%	0.3	%
SG&A expense	456			446			11.0	%	10.3	%	2.2	%	1,397			1,351			11.2	%	10.5	%	3.4	%
Operating income	229			209			5.5	%	4.8	%	9.6	%	619			578			4.9	%	4.5	%	7.1	%
Other expense (income)	(11		)	(18		)	(0.3	)%	(0.4	)%	(38.9	)%	(41		)	(67		)	(0.3	)%	(0.5	)%	(38.8	)%
Foreign currency (gain) loss	(5		)	3			(0.1	)%	0.1	%	(266.7	)%	5			5			—	%	—	%	—	%
Debt extinguishment loss	—			17			—	%	0.4	%	(100.0	)%	5			27			—	%	0.2	%	(81.5	)%
Interest expense	75			51			1.8	%	1.2	%	47.1	%	218			165			1.7	%	1.3	%	32.1	%
Income before income tax provision	170			156			4.1	%	3.6	%	9.0	%	432			448			3.5	%	3.5	%	(3.6	)%
Income tax provision	34			41			0.8	%	0.9	%	(17.1	)%	99			95			0.8	%	0.7	%	4.2	%
Net income	$	136		$	115		3.3	%	2.7	%	18.3	%	$	333		$	353		2.7	%	2.7	%	(5.7	)%

Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 Compared with Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018

Revenue for the third quarter of 2019 decreased 4.2% to $4.2 billion, compared with the same quarter in 2018. Revenue for the first nine months of 2019 decreased 2.9% to $12.5 billion, compared with the same period in 2018. Revenue was primarily impacted by a reduction in business from our largest customer, resulting in approximately $170 million less revenue in the third quarter of 2019, primarily in the Transportation segment. Foreign currency movement reduced revenue by approximately 1.8 percentage points in the third quarter of 2019 and 2.4 percentage points in the first nine months of 2019. We estimate that the downsizing by our largest customer will negatively impact our full-year 2019 revenue by approximately $600 million, or approximately two-thirds of the revenue that this customer’s business generated for us in 2018.

Cost of transportation and services includes the cost of providing or procuring freight transportation for XPO customers and salaries paid to employee drivers in our truckload and LTL operations.

Cost of transportation and services for the third quarter of 2019 was $2.1 billion, or 49.8% of revenue, compared with $2.2 billion, or 51.9% of revenue, for the same quarter in 2018. Cost of transportation and services for the first nine months of 2019 was $6.3 billion, or 50.1% of revenue, compared with $6.7 billion, or 52.3% of revenue, for the same period in 2018. The year-over-year improvements as a percentage of revenue in both periods were primarily driven by: (i) North American logistics segment revenue growth; (ii) lower third-party transportation costs in freight brokerage and last mile; and (iii) lower fuel costs.

Direct operating expenses are both fixed and variable expenses and consist of operating costs related to our contract logistics facilities, last mile warehousing facilities, LTL service centers and European LTL network. Direct operating expenses consist mainly of personnel costs, facility and equipment expenses such as rent, utilities, equipment maintenance and repair, costs of materials and supplies, information technology expenses, depreciation expense and gains and losses on sales of property and equipment.

Direct operating expense for the third quarter of 2019 was $1.4 billion, or 33.7% of revenue, compared with $1.4 billion, or 33.0% of revenue, for the same quarter in 2018. Direct operating expense for the first nine months of 2019 was $4.2 billion, or 33.8% of revenue, compared with $4.2 billion, or 32.7% of revenue, for the same period in 2018. The year-over-year increases as a percentage of revenue were primarily driven by higher personnel costs to support growth in our North American contract logistics, partially offset by lower temporary labor, and higher

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depreciation expense in our logistics segment. Additionally, the third quarter and first nine months of 2019 included $33 million and $73 million, respectively, from gains on sales of property and equipment.

Sales, general and administrative expense (“SG&A”) primarily consists of the cost of salaries and benefits for executive and certain administration functions, depreciation and amortization expense, professional fees, facility costs, bad debt expense and legal costs.

SG&A for the third quarter of 2019 was $456 million, or 11.0% of revenue, compared with $446 million, or 10.3% of revenue, for the same quarter in 2018. SG&A for the first nine months of 2019 was $1,397 million, or 11.2% of revenue, compared with $1,351 million, or 10.5% of revenue, for the same period in 2018. For the third quarter of 2019, the year-over-year increase in SG&A as a percentage of revenue was primarily related to higher payroll expense, partially offset by lower bad debt expense. In the third quarter of 2018, bad debt expense reflected the impact of a customer bankruptcy. For the first nine months of 2019, the year-over-year increase in SG&A as a percentage of revenue was primarily related to higher payroll and depreciation expenses, partially offset by lower professional and consulting fees and share-based compensation expense.

Other expense (income) for the third quarter of 2019 was $11 million of income, compared with $18 million of income for the same quarter in 2018. Other expense (income) for the first nine months of 2019 was $41 million of income, compared with $67 million of income for the same period in 2018. The year-over-year decreases reflect lower net periodic pension income of $4 million in the third quarter of 2019 and $14 million in the first nine months of 2019, compared with the same periods in 2018. Additionally, Other expense (income) for the first nine months of 2018 included a gain of approximately $9 million related to a terminated swap.

Foreign currency (gain) loss was a $5 million gain for the third quarter of 2019, compared with a $3 million loss for the same quarter in 2018. For the third quarter of 2019, the foreign currency gain primarily reflected unrealized gains on foreign currency option and forward contracts. For the third quarter of 2018, the foreign currency loss primarily reflected realized losses on foreign currency option and forward contracts. Foreign currency loss for the first nine months of 2019 and 2018 was $5 million in both periods. For the first nine months of 2019, the foreign currency loss primarily reflected unrealized losses on foreign currency option and forward contracts. For the first nine months of 2018, foreign currency loss reflected realized losses on foreign currency option and forward contracts as well as foreign currency transaction and remeasurement losses, partially offset by unrealized gains incurred on foreign currency option and forward contracts. For additional information on our foreign currency option and forward contracts, see Note 6—Derivative Instruments to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Debt extinguishment losses were $17 million for the third quarter of 2018. There were no debt extinguishment losses in the third quarter of 2019. Debt extinguishment losses were $5 million and $27 million for the first nine months of 2019 and 2018, respectively. Debt extinguishment loss in the first nine months of 2019 related to the write-off of debt issuance costs for the unsecured credit facility that was repaid in the first quarter of 2019. Debt extinguishment loss in 2018 related to the refinancing of our senior secured term loan credit agreement, as amended (the “Term Loan Facility”) in the first quarter of 2018 and the partial debt redemption of our 6.50% senior notes due 2022 (“Senior Notes due 2022”) in the third quarter of 2018. See Liquidity and Capital Resources below for further information.

Interest expense increased to $75 million for the third quarter of 2019 from $51 million for the third quarter of 2018. Interest expense increased to $218 million for the first nine months of 2019 from $165 million for the first nine months of 2018. The increases in interest expense in both the third quarter and nine-month periods were primarily related to higher average total indebtedness to fund share purchases and for general corporate purposes.

Our effective income tax rates were 20.0% and 26.2% for the third quarter of 2019 and 2018, respectively, and 22.9% and 21.2% for the first nine months of 2019 and 2018, respectively. The effective tax rates for both the third quarter and nine-month periods of 2019 and 2018 were based on forecasted full year effective tax rates, adjusted for discrete items that occurred within the periods presented. The primary item impacting the effective tax rate for the third quarter of 2019 is a discrete tax benefit of $8 million from foreign currency losses recognized. There were no material discrete items impacting the effective tax rate for the third quarter of 2018.

The primary items impacting the effective tax rate for the first nine months of 2019 included discrete tax benefits of $8 million from foreign currency losses recognized and $6 million from changes in reserves for uncertain tax

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positions. The primary items impacting the effective tax rate for the first nine months of 2018 included discrete tax benefits of $24 million from stock-based compensation and $4 million associated with the decision to deduct foreign taxes paid in prior years.

Transportation Segment

Summary Financial Table



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Percent of Revenue				Change		Nine Months Ended September 30,				Percent of Revenue				Change
(Dollars in millions)	2019		2018		2019		2018		2019 vs. 2018		2019		2018		2019		2018		2019 vs. 2018
Revenue	$	2,684	$	2,850	100.0	%	100.0	%	(5.8	)%	$	8,090	$	8,512	100.0	%	100.0	%	(5.0	)%
Operating income	208		196		7.7	%	6.8	%	6.1	%	579		540		7.2	%	6.3	%	7.2	%
Total depreciation and amortization	110		117		N/A		N/A		(6.0	)%	334		347		N/A		N/A		(3.7	)%

Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 Compared with Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018

Transportation segment revenue decreased 5.8% to $2.684 billion for the third quarter of 2019, compared with $2.850 billion for the same quarter in 2018. Revenue decreased 5.0% to $8.090 billion for the first nine months of 2019, compared with $8.512 billion for the same period in 2018. Revenue was primarily impacted by a reduction in business from our largest customer. This revenue loss was largely related to our freight brokerage and postal injection businesses, the latter of which ceased operations in the first quarter of 2019. Additionally, revenue in both the third quarter and first nine months of 2019 reflected lower truckload rates in freight brokerage, partially offset by growth in our managed transportation business. Foreign currency movement reduced revenue by approximately 1.2 percentage points in the third quarter of 2019 and 1.7 percentage points in the first nine months of 2019.

Transportation segment operating income for the third quarter of 2019 increased to $208 million, or 7.7% of revenue, compared with $196 million, or 6.8% of revenue, for the same quarter in 2018. Operating income for the first nine months of 2019 increased to $579 million, or 7.2% of revenue, compared with $540 million, or 6.3% of revenue, for the same period in 2018. The third quarter and first nine months of 2019 reflected gains on sales of property and equipment of $28 million and $67 million, respectively, partially offset by higher personnel costs in Direct operating expense and SG&A. Of the third quarter gains on sales of property and equipment, $26 million was in our LTL business, with most of the gain related to the sale and partial leaseback of our shared service facility in Portland, Oregon. Additionally, the first nine months of 2019 reflected higher net revenue. Depreciation and amortization expense in the first nine months of 2019 included $6 million related to the impairment of customer relationship intangibles associated with exiting the direct postal injection business. Net revenue is defined as Revenue less Cost of transportation and services.

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Logistics Segment

Summary Financial Table



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Percent of Revenue				Change		Nine Months Ended September 30,				Percent of Revenue				Change
(Dollars in millions)	2019		2018		2019		2018		2019 vs. 2018		2019		2018		2019		2018		2019 vs. 2018
Revenue	$	1,510	$	1,517	100.0	%	100.0	%	(0.5	)%	$	4,530	$	4,473	100.0	%	100.0	%	1.3	%
Operating income	61		59		4.0	%	3.9	%	3.4	%	168		174		3.7	%	3.9	%	(3.4	)%
Total depreciation and amortization	73		59		N/A		N/A		23.7	%	201		172		N/A		N/A		16.9	%

Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 Compared with Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018

Logistics segment revenue decreased 0.5% to $1.510 billion for the third quarter of 2019, compared with $1.517 billion for the same quarter in 2018. Revenue increased 1.3% to $4.530 billion for the first nine months of 2019, compared with $4.473 billion for the same period in 2018. In the third quarter of 2019, the decrease in revenue compared to the same quarter in 2018 was primarily due to a reduction in business from our largest customer and a decline in contract logistics revenue in Europe, primarily due to foreign currency movement, almost entirely offset by growth of our North American contract logistics business. The impact to our North American contract logistics’ revenue from the reduction in business by our largest customer was approximately $17 million less revenue in the third quarter of 2019. The growth of our North American contract logistics business was led by our consumer packaged goods, food and beverage and aerospace sectors, and by e-commerce in Europe. In the first nine months of 2019, the increase in revenue compared to the same period in 2018 was primarily driven by growth of our North American contract logistics business, partially offset by a reduction in business from our largest customer and a decline in contract logistics revenue in Europe, primarily due to foreign currency movement. Foreign currency movement reduced revenue growth by approximately 2.8 percentage points in the third quarter of 2019 and 3.8 percentage points in the first nine months of 2019. We estimate that the logistics segment revenue for the third quarter of 2019 was negatively impacted by approximately four percentage points from the combined impact of foreign exchange movement and the reduction in business from our largest customer.

Logistics segment operating income for the third quarter of 2019 increased to $61 million, or 4.0% of revenue, compared with $59 million, or 3.9% of revenue, for the same quarter in 2018. Operating income for the first nine months of 2019 decreased to $168 million, or 3.7% of revenue, compared with $174 million, or 3.9% of revenue, for the same period in 2018. In the third quarter of 2019, lower temporary labor cost and bad debt expense were almost entirely offset by new contract startups that required more personnel costs and higher depreciation expense. In the third quarter of 2018, bad debt expense reflected the impact of a customer bankruptcy. For the first nine months of 2019, the year-over-year decrease was primarily driven by new contract startups that required more personnel costs and higher depreciation expense, partially offset by higher revenue and lower costs of transportation and services, temporary labor costs and bad debt expense. The lower costs of transportation and services and temporary labor costs reflect a reduction in business from our largest customer. Depreciation and amortization expense increased year-over-year in both periods due to the impact of prior capital investments and new contract startups.

Restructuring Charges

We engage in restructuring actions as part of our ongoing efforts to best utilize our resources and infrastructure. Our results for the first nine months of 2019 reflect restructuring charges of $28 million, of which $3 million was recorded in Cost of transportation and services, $1 million in Direct operating expense and $24 million in SG&A in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. For more information, see Note 4—Restructuring Charges to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. Upon successful completion of the restructuring initiatives in 2020, we expect to achieve annualized pre-tax savings of approximately $52 million.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our principal existing sources of cash are: (i) cash generated from operations; (ii) borrowings available under the

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Amendment No. 3 to Second Amended and Restated Revolving Loan Credit Agreement (the “ABL Facility”); and (iii) proceeds from the issuance of other debt. As of September 30, 2019, we have $768 million available to draw under the ABL Facility, based on a borrowing base of $971 million, as well as outstanding letters of credit of $203 million. We continually evaluate our liquidity requirements in light of our operating needs, growth initiatives and capital resources. We believe that our existing liquidity and sources of capital are sufficient to support our operations over the next 12 months.

Trade Receivables Securitization and Factoring Programs

We use trade receivables securitization and factoring programs to help manage our cash flows and offset the impact of extended payment terms for certain customers.

In July 2019, XPO Logistics Europe SA (“XPO Logistics Europe”), in which we hold an 86.25% controlling interest, entered into a new, three-year trade receivables securitization program co-arranged by Crédit Agricole, BNP Paribas and HSBC (the “Purchasers”) and terminated its prior program. Under the new program, a wholly-owned bankruptcy remote special purpose entity of XPO Logistics Europe sells trade receivables that originate with wholly-owned subsidiaries of XPO Logistics Europe in the United Kingdom and France; these trade receivables are sold to unaffiliated entities managed by the Purchasers. The new three year program has lower financing costs and provides us with better liquidity through a higher advance rate.

The maximum amount of net cash proceeds available at any one time is €400 million. Of this amount, €93 million (approximately $101 million) was available to us as of September 30, 2019 based on the level of receivables which had been sold and were outstanding as of that date. The new program does not include a deferred purchase price mechanism.

Under the new program, sales of receivables transfer control to the Purchaser and therefore are accounted for as a reduction in accounts receivable. We service the receivables we sell on behalf of the Purchasers, which gives us visibility into the timing of customer payments. The benefit to our cash flow includes the difference between the cash consideration in the table below and the amount we collected as a servicer on behalf of the Purchasers: $741 million and $1.4 billion for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively.

The following table provides information related to our trade receivables sold during the periods referenced below:



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In millions)	2019		2018		2019		2018
Securitization programs ⁽¹⁾
Receivables sold in period	$	790	$	—	$	1,451	$	—
Cash consideration	787		—		1,316		—
Deferred purchase price	3		—		135		—

Factoring programs
Receivables sold in period	196		146		615		415
Cash consideration	195		145		612		414

(1)

Receivable transfers under the securitization programs are accounted for as either sales or secured borrowings. In the prior program, a portion of the transfers were accounted for as secured borrowings whereas under the new program, all transfers are accounted for as sales. This change had the effect of significantly increasing the amount of trade receivables we reported as sold in the third quarter of 2019.

In addition to the cash considerations referenced above, we received $49 million and $186 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, for the realization of cash on the deferred purchase price receivable related to our prior securitization program. Cash collected on deferred purchase price receivable is included in Investing activities on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

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ABL Facility

In April 2019, we entered into Amendment No. 3 (the “Amendment”) to the ABL Facility, by and among us, certain subsidiaries signatory thereto, the lenders party thereto and Morgan Stanley Senior Funding, Inc., in its capacity as agent.

The Amendment amends the ABL Facility to, among other things: (i) extend the maturity date thereof to April 30, 2024 (subject, in certain circumstances, to a springing maturity if more than $200 million of our Senior Notes due 2022, 6.125% senior notes due 2023 (“Senior Notes due 2023”) or certain refinancings thereof remain outstanding 91 days prior to their respective maturity); (ii) increase the aggregate principal amount of the commitments thereunder to $1.1 billion; (iii) reduce the interest rate margin and commitment fees thereunder; and (iv) make certain other changes to the covenants and other provisions therein.

Term Loan Facility

2019 Amendments

In March 2019, we entered into Amendment No. 4 to Credit Agreement, which permits us to incur up to $500 million of incremental term loans under the existing credit agreement on or prior to June 5, 2019 without adjusting the interest rate margin applicable to existing loans outstanding as long as the yield on the incremental term loan does not exceed the yield on the existing loans by 0.75%. Additionally, in March 2019, we entered into Amendment No. 5 to Credit Agreement, under which we borrowed an additional $500 million of incremental loans under a new tranche of term loans. For more information on these amendments, refer to Note 7—Debt to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

2018 Amendments

In February 2018, we amended the Term Loan Facility, which reduced the interest rate under the facility and extended the maturity date to February 23, 2025. The refinancing resulted in a debt extinguishment charge of $10 million in the first quarter of 2018.

Senior Notes due 2024

In February 2019, we completed our private placement of $1.0 billion aggregate principal amount of senior notes (“Senior Notes due 2024”). The Senior Notes due 2024 bear interest at a rate of 6.75% per annum, payable semiannually in cash in arrears, commencing August 15, 2019. The Senior Notes due 2024 will mature on August 15, 2024. Proceeds from the Senior Notes due 2024 were used to repay our outstanding obligation under the unsecured credit facility described below and to finance a portion of our share repurchases described in Note 8—Stockholders’ Equity to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Senior Notes due 2022

In July 2018, we redeemed $400 million of the then $1.6 billion outstanding Senior Notes due 2022 and recognized a loss on debt extinguishment of $17 million in the third quarter of 2018. The redemption was primarily funded using proceeds from the settlement of forward sale agreements, described below.

Trade Securitization Programs

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termination of the original program, XPO Logistics Europe paid off all of the notes which had been included in our debt balances. Under the new program, all receivable transfers have been accounted for as sales. For further information, refer to Note 1—Organization, Description of Business and Basis of Presentation to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Unsecured Credit Facility

In December 2018, we entered into a $500 million unsecured credit agreement (“Unsecured Credit Facility”) with Citibank, N.A., with a maturity date of December 23, 2019. As of December 31, 2018, we had borrowed $250 million under the Unsecured Credit Facility and made a second borrowing of $250 million in January 2019. The proceeds of both borrowings were used to finance a portion of our share repurchases described in Note 8—Stockholders’ Equity to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. In connection with the issuance of the Senior Notes due 2024 described above, we repaid our outstanding obligations under the Unsecured Credit Facility and terminated the facility in February 2019.

Share Repurchases

On December 14, 2018, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $1 billion of our common stock (the “2018 Repurchase Program”). Through December 31, 2018, based on the settlement date, we purchased and retired 10 million shares of our common stock having an aggregate value of $536 million at an average price of $53.46 per share. In the first quarter of 2019, based on the settlement date, we purchased and retired 8 million shares of our common stock having an aggregate value of $464 million at an average price of $59.47 per share, which completed the 2018 Repurchase Program. The share purchases were funded by the Unsecured Credit Facility and available cash.

On February 13, 2019, our Board of Directors authorized additional repurchases of up to $1.5 billion of our common stock (the “2019 Repurchase Program”). The authorization permits us to purchase shares in both open market and private transactions, with the timing and number of shares dependent on a variety of factors, including price, general business conditions, market conditions, alternative investment opportunities and funding considerations. In the first nine months of 2019, based on the settlement dates, we purchased and retired 17 million shares of our common stock having an aggregate value of $883 million at an average price of $50.70 per share, under the 2019 Repurchase Program. The share purchases were funded by available cash and proceeds from new debt offerings. There were no share repurchases in the third quarter of 2019. As of September 30, 2019, $617 million remained available to be used for share purchases under the 2019 Repurchase Program. However, we are not obligated to repurchase any specific number of shares and may suspend or discontinue the program at any time.

Forward Settlement

In 2017, in connection with a registered underwritten offering, we entered into forward sale agreements pursuant to which we agreed to sell, and each forward counterparty agreed to purchase, three million shares of our common stock (or six million shares of our common stock in the aggregate). In July 2018, we physically settled the forwards in full by delivering six million shares of common stock to the forward counterparties for net cash proceeds to us of $349 million. As a part of our ordinary course treasury management activities, we applied these net cash proceeds to the repayment of the Senior Notes due 2022, as described above.

Loan Covenants and Compliance

As of September 30, 2019, we were in compliance with the covenants and other provisions of our debt agreements. Any failure to comply with any material provision or covenant of these agreements could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity and operations.

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Sources and Uses of Cash



	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In millions)	2019			2018
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	442		$	536
Net cash used in investing activities	(35		)	(334		)
Net cash used in financing activities	(479		)	(201		)
Effect of exchange rates on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(7		)	(10		)
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	(79	)	$	(9	)

During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, we: (i) generated cash from operating activities of $442 million; (ii) generated proceeds from sales of property and equipment of $192 million; (iii) collected $186 million on the deferred purchase price receivable; and (iv) received proceeds of $1.8 billion on our debt. We used cash during this period primarily to: (i) purchase property and equipment of $413 million; (ii) repurchase common stock of $1.3 billion; (iii) make payments on debt and capital leases of $850 million; and (iv) pay debt issuance costs of $28 million.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we: (i) generated cash from operating activities of $536 million; (ii) generated proceeds from sales of property and equipment of $92 million; and (iii) received proceeds of $349 million from our forward sale settlement. We used cash during this period primarily to: (i) purchase property and equipment of $413 million; (ii) make repurchases, net of proceeds, of $329 million on our debt; (iii) make repayments, net of advances, of $100 million on our ABL Facility; (iv) make payments on debt and capital leases of $85 million; and (v) make payments for tax withholdings on restricted shares of $49 million.

Cash flows from operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 decreased by $94 million, compared with the same period in 2018. The decrease reflects $65 million of lower cash-related net income and $29 million of higher cash usage from operating assets and liabilities for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, compared with the same period in 2018. The lower cash related net income primarily reflects lower operating income year-over-year, exclusive of the impact of gains on sale of property and equipment. The higher cash usage from operating activities reflects: (i) a higher cash usage related to accounts payable reflecting the timing of payments and the reduction in business from our largest customer; (ii) less cash usage from trade accounts receivable reflecting lower revenues and increased factoring and securitization activity; and (iii) less cash usage from other assets due to the timing of prepayments.

Investing activities used $35 million and $334 million of cash in the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, we: (i) used $413 million of cash to purchase property and equipment; (ii) received $192 million from sales of property and equipment; and (iii) received proceeds of $186 million related to the realization of cash on the deferred purchase price receivable. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we primarily: (i) used $413 million of cash to purchase property and equipment; and (ii) received $92 million from sales of property and equipment.

Financing activities used $479 million and $201 million of cash in the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The primary uses of cash during the first nine months of 2019 were: (i) $1.3 billion used to purchase XPO common stock; and (ii) $779 million used to repay borrowings under the Unsecured Credit Facility and the senior variable funding notes in connection with the termination of our original trade securitization program. The primary sources of cash from financing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was $1.7 billion of net proceeds from the issuance of debt, consisting of the incremental term loans, Senior Notes due 2024 and borrowings under the Unsecured Credit Facility. By comparison, the primary source of cash from financing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was $890 million of net proceeds from the issuance of debt, consisting of the refinancing of the Term Loan Facility and amounts received under the senior variable funding notes in connection with our trade securitization program, and $349 million of proceeds from our forward sale settlement. The primary use of cash from financing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was the $1,225 million repurchase of debt, consisting of the refinancing of the Term Loan Facility and the partial

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redemption of our Senior Notes due 2022; $100 million of net repayments on our ABL Facility; $85 million repayment of debt and capital leases; and $49 million of payments for tax withholding related to restricted shares.

Contractual Obligations

As described more fully above, in the first nine months of 2019, we borrowed $500 million under our Term Loan Facility; received proceeds of approximately $1.0 billion from our new Senior Notes due 2024; borrowed $250 million and subsequently repaid our borrowings of approximately $500 million under our Unsecured Credit Facility; and repaid our senior variable funding notes. Following these transactions, the contractual obligations for our debt increased by $1.25 billion in total, most notably with a decrease of approximately $235 million for 2020 and an increase of $1.5 billion in the years following 2023. The contractual obligations for our interest on debt increased by approximately $430 million commencing in 2020, with an increase of $180 million for 2020-2021, $180 million for 2022-2023 and $70 million thereafter. For information on the maturities of our finance and operating leases, as well leases that have not yet commenced, as of September 30, 2019, see Note 5—Leases to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, there were no other material changes to our December 31, 2018 contractual obligations.

New Accounting Standards

Information related to new accounting standards is included in Note 1—Organization, Description of Business and Basis of Presentation and Note 5—Leases to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.

We have a significant proportion of our net assets and income in non-U.S. dollar (“USD”) currencies, primarily the euro (“EUR”) and British pound sterling (“GBP”). We are exposed to currency risk from potential changes in functional currency values of our foreign currency denominated assets, liabilities and cash flows. Consequently, a depreciation of the EUR and GBP relative to the USD could have an adverse impact on our financial results.

In connection with the issuances of the Senior Notes due 2023 and the Senior Notes due 2022, we entered into certain cross-currency swap agreements to partially manage the related foreign currency exchange risk by effectively converting a portion of the fixed-rate USD-denominated Senior Notes due 2023 and the Senior Notes due 2022, including the semi-annual interest payments, to fixed-rate, EUR-denominated debt. The risk management objective is to manage a portion of the foreign currency risk relating to net investments in subsidiaries denominated in foreign currencies.

In order to mitigate against the risk of a reduction in the value of foreign currency earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization for those Company operations that use the EUR or the GBP as their functional currency, we use foreign currency option contracts. Gains and losses on these contracts are recorded in Foreign currency (gain) loss in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.

See Note 6—Derivative Instruments to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.

There have been no material changes to our quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk during the nine months ended September 30, 2019, as compared with the quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

Conclusion Regarding the Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and acting Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rule 13a-15(e) and Rule 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Based on that evaluation, our CEO and CFO concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2019 were effective as of such time such that the information required to be included in our Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) reports is: (i) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms relating to the Company,

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including our consolidated subsidiaries; and (ii) accumulated and communicated to our management, including our CEO and CFO, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There have not been any changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended September 30, 2019 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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Part II—Other Information

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

For information related to our legal proceedings, refer to “Legal Proceedings” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 and Note 10—Legal and Regulatory Matters of Item 1, “Financial Statements” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

There are no material changes to the risk factors previously disclosed in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

None.

Item 3. Defaults upon Senior Securities.

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information.

None.

Item 6. Exhibits.



Exhibit Number		Description

31.1 *		Certification of the Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, with respect to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2019.

31.2 *		Certification of the Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, with respect to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2019.

32.1 **		Certification of the Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, with respect to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2019.

32.2 **		Certification of the Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, with respect to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2019.

101.INS *		XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.

101.SCH *		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema.

101.CAL *		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase.

101.DEF *		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase.

101.LAB *		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase.

101.PRE *		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase.

104		Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

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*		Filed herewith.
**		Furnished herewith.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.



	XPO LOGISTICS, INC.

By:	/s/ Bradley S. Jacobs
	Bradley S. Jacobs
	Chief Executive Officer
	(Principal Executive Officer)

By:	/s/ Sarah J.S. Glickman
	Sarah J.S. Glickman
	Acting Chief Financial Officer
	(Principal Financial Officer)

Date: October 28, 2019

Exhibit

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION

I, Bradley S. Jacobs, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2019 of XPO Logistics, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.



	/s/ Bradley S. Jacobs
	Bradley S. Jacobs
	Chief Executive Officer
	(Principal Executive Officer)
Date: October 28, 2019

Exhibit

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION

I, Sarah J.S. Glickman, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2019 of XPO Logistics, Inc.;

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.



	/s/ Sarah J.S. Glickman
	Sarah J.S. Glickman
	Acting Chief Financial Officer
	(Principal Financial Officer)
Date: October 28, 2019

Exhibit

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION OF THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER

Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350

As adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

Solely for the purposes of complying with 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, I, the undersigned Chief Executive Officer of XPO Logistics, Inc. (the “Company”), hereby certify, based on my knowledge, that the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of the Company for the quarter ended September 30, 2019 (the “Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and that the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.



	/s/ Bradley S. Jacobs
	Bradley S. Jacobs
	Chief Executive Officer
	(Principal Executive Officer)
Date: October 28, 2019

Exhibit

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION OF THE ACTING CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER

Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350

As adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

Solely for the purposes of complying with 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, I, the undersigned Acting Chief Financial Officer of XPO Logistics, Inc. (the “Company”), hereby certify, based on my knowledge, that the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of the Company for the quarter ended September 30, 2019 (the “Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and that the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.



	/s/ Sarah J.S. Glickman
	Sarah J.S. Glickman
	Acting Chief Financial Officer
	(Principal Financial Officer)
Date: October 28, 2019